In residential wiring, what is the purpose of GFCI protection?

The primary purpose of Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) protection in residential wiring is to protect against ground faults, which can occur when there is an unintended path for electrical current to flow to the ground. This situation can arise due to a variety of factors, such as damaged insulation on wiring or equipment, moisture exposure, or faulty appliances. When a ground fault occurs, the GFCI detects the difference in the current flowing in the hot and neutral wires, which indicates that some current is leaking to the ground.

In response, the GFCI quickly interrupts the circuit, cutting off the electrical supply within milliseconds. This rapid action significantly reduces the risk of electrical shock, which can be life-threatening. GFCI protection is particularly crucial in areas where electricity and water are likely to come into contact, such as kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor locations.

The other options do not align with the function of GFCI protection. Increasing electrical voltage, providing additional circuits, or regulating current flow does not address the safety concerns associated with ground faults or electrical shocks, which is the central role of GFCIs in residential wiring.