What is the role of a transformer in an electrical system?

A transformer primarily functions to change the voltage level of electrical energy within an electrical system. This process allows electrical energy to be transmitted more efficiently over long distances, as higher voltages can reduce current and thereby minimize power loss due to resistance in conductors. By converting voltages—either stepping them up for transmission or stepping them down for use by consumers—transformers play a critical role in ensuring that electrical power can be transmitted efficiently and safely from generation sites to end users.

The role of a transformer does not involve increasing the power factor, controlling current flow directly, or dissipating heat in its typical operation. While transformers do generate some heat due to losses, their primary purpose is voltage transformation rather than heat management or power factor correction. Thus, the function of changing voltage levels is central to their design and application in electrical systems.